Everywhere in the world women live longer than men – but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn’t live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men? And how the advantage has grown over time? We have only a small amount of evidence and افضل شامبو وبلسم the evidence is not sufficient to draw an absolute conclusion. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; However, we’re not sure what the contribution of each of these factors is.
We have learned that women live longer than men, regardless of their weight. However it is not due to the fact that certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women’s longevity disproportionately.
Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line , it means that in all nations baby girls can expect to live for longer than a newborn boy.1
The chart above shows that although the female advantage exists everywhere, the country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the gap is just half a year.
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In countries with high incomes, the female advantage in longevity was not as great.
Let’s look at how the advantage of women in life expectancy has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the men and women’s life expectancies at the time of birth in the US from 1790-2014. Two specific points stand out.
First, there is an upward trend. Both genders in the United States live longer than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.
The second is that there is a widening gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be extremely small however it increased dramatically during the last century.
When you click on the option “Change country from the chart, check that these two points apply to other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.
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Why do women live longer than men? 4 years ago